Spodoptera litura is a notorious leaf feeding insect pest of more than one hundred plants around the Asia-Pacific region.Host plant survey for two years from three different locations in cotton belt revealed 27 plant species as host plants of S.litura read more belonging to 25 genera of 14 families including cultivated crops, vegetables, weeds, fru

Lower limb spasm and spasticity may develop following spinal cord injury (SCI), causing hyper-excitability and increased tone, which can impact function and quality of ut solution gel for cats life.Pharmaceutical interventions for spasticity may cause unwanted side effects such as drowsiness and weakness.Invasive and non-invasive electrical stimula

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) plays an important role in the evolution of microbial organisms including bacteria.Alignment-free methods based on single genome compositional information have been used to detect HGT.Currently, Manhattan and Euclidean distances based on tetranucleotide frequencies are the most commonly used alignment-free dissimilari

Assessments of historical contingency have advanced our understanding of adaptive radiation and community ecology, but little attention has been given to assessing the importance of historical contingency in population ecology.An obstacle has been the unmet need to conceptualize historical contingencies for populations in a manner that allows for t